The N-terminal domain of apolipoprotein B-100: structural characterization by homology modeling

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100) stands as one of the largest proteins in humans. Its large size of 4536 amino acids hampers the production of X-ray diffraction quality crystals and hinders in-solution NMR analysis, and thus necessitates a domain-based approach for the structural characterization of the multi-domain full-length apo B.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The structure of apo B-17 (the N-terminal 17% of apolipoprotein B-100) was predicted by homology modeling based on the structure of the N-terminal domain of lipovitellin (LV), a protein that shares not only sequence similarity with B17, but also a functional aspect of lipid binding and transport. The model structure was first induced to accommodate the six disulfide bonds found in that region, and then optimized using simulated annealing.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The content of secondary structural elements in this model structure correlates well with the reported data from other biophysical probes. The overall topology of the model conforms with the structural outline corresponding to the apo B-17 domain as seen in the EM representation of the complete LDL structure.</p

Challenges and Strategies to Minimize Cyberbullying of Minorities: A Comprehensive Analysis

This comprehensive analysis investigates the challenges and strategies to minimize cyberbullying of minorities. Cyberbullying is a serious issue that can have detrimental effects on individuals, especially minorities such as people of color, LGBTQ+ individuals, and those with disabilities. The study reveals several challenges, including the lack of awareness among the general public regarding the negative impact of cyberbullying on minorities, ineffective cyberbullying laws that fail to protect minorities from online harassment and discrimination, the ability to remain anonymous online, and limited access to resources such as mental health services or legal assistance. To mitigate the problem of cyberbullying, the study identifies several strategies that include education and awareness campaigns to promote knowledge about the effects of cyberbullying on minorities. Stronger cyberbullying laws are necessary to ensure effective protection of minorities from online harassment and discrimination. Promoting online civility can go a long way in reducing cyberbullying by encouraging positive interactions and promoting respectful dialogue online. Providing support and resources, such as mental health services, legal assistance, and online support groups, is crucial to assist victims and minimize the long-term negative impact of cyberbullying. Empowering victims by educating them about their rights and providing the necessary tools to deal with cyberbullying is also critical. This research emphasizes the importance of a concerted effort by individuals, communities, governments, and social media platforms to minimize cyberbullying of minorities. By raising awareness, promoting online civility, providing support and resources, and empowering victims, we can work towards creating a safer and more inclusive online environment for everyone

Synergistic Effect Of Natural Antimicrobials Produced From Food On Foodborne Pathogens And Effect Of Meat Production Method On Quality And Shelf Life Of Meat

Meat is highly perishable food since it contains sufficient nutrients needed to support the growth of microorganisms which is effect of nutritional value and spoilage of meat. There are many methods are available to control food pathogens in meat. Using natural antimicrobial may be is a good option because it is provide many benefits. This study showed the synergistic effect of individual and combinations of lactoferrin, lysozyme and nisin in-vitro and in-vivo (in meat) had significant effect (P \u3c 0.05) on reducing the number of foodborne pathogens in meat. Toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus contamination in meat is a major problem in public health due to the production of heat-stable enterotoxins. Also, S.aureus expresses an many array of virulence factors contribute to the ability of S. aureus to cause infection, our results showed that high percentage (42.9) of S. aureus in meat and 80.9 % of S. aureus isolates contained at least one enterotoxin gene. The three most common enterotoxin genes in meat were sea gene (61.9%) followed by seh gene (33.3%) and sei gene (30.1). Some of S. aureus isolates contained more than one enterotoxin gene. In addition, our results indicated that S. aureus isolates from meat showed different antimicrobial resistance levels against fourteen antibiotics. Also, S. aureus multidrug resistant were high in meat. There are different types of meat based on the meat production method. Halal meat is produced without stunning prior to slaughter, resulting in a rapid and complete bleeding of animals. Our results showed that halal meat production method resulted in significantly lower residual heme iron than conventional method with stunning (non-halal method). Microbiological analyses of fresh meat samples showed that halal meat production method had significantly lower (P \u3c 0.05) microbial count than non-halal meat method. Storage of meat is critical because during storage even with proper refrigeration, the meat ultimately undergoes deteriorative changes including microbial spoilage, oxidative changes. Our results indicated that meat production method significantly affects the meat quality not only for fresh meat but also during storage. Microbiological analyses of meat samples during storage for three weeks at 4°C showed that halal meat method had significantly lower (P \u3c 0.05) microbial count than non-halal meat. Physiochemical analyses showed that quality indicators for meat such as lipid oxidation, drip loss, pH, and heme iron content were significantly lower (P \u3c 0.05) in halal meat than non-halal meat during storage. Halal meat processing may be advantageous in reducing bacterial colonization, increasing the usable shelf life, and improving the quality of the fresh and stored meat

Surah Al-Qamar - (study and investigation) - From the Interpretation of Jama`at al-Tibyan in the Interpretation of the Qur'an - Lam'in Al-Din Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman Al-Iji (d. 905 AH)

The research aims to identify and clarify some of the meanings of the Noble Qur'an through the interpretation of Jami' al-Tibyan, to highlight the sayings of the commentators contained in the interpretation of Surat al-Qamar, to achieve the narratives contained in the interpretation of the surah, and to study them in a manner that facilitates their understanding and knowledge of their meanings. The research methodology required that it include two parts, an introduction and conclusion as well as an index of sources and references. The first section included an introduction to the research, its objectives, reasons for choosing it, hypothetical research questions, a research plan, research and investigation methodology, as well as samples from the two manuscripts (original + b). On the achievement of Surat al-Qamar, according to scientific steps followed by investigators and researchers. In the conclusion, the research deals with the most important results and recommendations, and an index of sources and references. &nbsp;Keywords: Surat Al-Qamar, study and investigation, Al-Tibyan Mosques, Mu'in Al-Din Al-Ij

The Competitiveness of Saudi Pharmaceutical Industry Using Porter 5 Forces Analysis

Pharmaceutical industry is a challenge in both the developed and the developing countries. If a company wants to survive, it should be able to compete well in the domestic and in the international markets. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the competitiveness of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Industry (SPI) using Porter 5 forces analysis. A questionnaire has been designed, distributed and filled up by experts from the Saudi Pharmaceutical Industry. The findings show that SPI has a favorable advantage in terms of bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers and rivalry among competitors. However, it lacks a favorable advantage concerning threat of substitutes and threat of local and global entry. Depending on the literature and the questionnaire findings, a number of strategies were recommended to SPI companies, which can also be adopted by companies in other developing countries. Keywords: Competitiveness, Pharmaceutical industry, Porter five forces, rivalry, bargaining powe

The Effect of Strategic Human Resource Management and Strategy Management on Organizational Performance of UAE Civil Defense

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) and Strategy Management (ST) on Organizational Performance (OP). Based on a theoretical foundation and a wide review of the literature, the model of the research was proposed. 220 Questionnaires were distributed among random selected sample of Civil Defense departments in the Northern Emirates. 188 questionnaires were returned and used in the analysis using the PLS-SEM. The results of this study demonstrate that Strategic Human Resource Management and Strategy Management have positive and significant effect on Organizational Performance. This study reflects the importance of the right implementation to the Strategic Human Resource Management and Strategy Management to have successful performance. This study also supported the premises of the resource-based view theory by reaffirming the importance of the Strategic Human Resource Management and Strategy Management, as drivers to enhance organizational performance

The Effectiveness of SACP in Controlling Of Concrete Steel Reinforcement in Aggressive Environments

The Arabian Gulf is considered to be one of the world\u27s most aggressive environments for reinforced concrete. Traditional methods of corrosion protection may not be enough to provide the required level of corrosion control for the design life of concrete structures in such environments. Cathodic protection has been found as a viable technique of inhibiting chloride induced corrosion of steel in concrete structures. As an alternative to impressed current cathodic protection ICCP a remarkable developments recently have been made in the application of sacrificial anode cathodic protection as a means of enhancing the performance of patch repair. The main objective of this thesis is to study the effectiveness of application of sacrificial anode cathodic protection (SACP) in preventing or reducing corrosion of steel reinforcement in the reinforced concrete in aggressive environments. Various experimental settings are considered to account for the effectiveness of the sacrificial anodes (SA) locally and globally, immersed and atmospherically exposed, in relatively small and large patch repairs and in both old and new construction. The experiment program was divided into two parts; in-situ and laboratory. In the in-situ program, three columns with significant corrosion were selected, evaluated, repaired and monitored for about one year. Local and global sacrificial anodes were used. In the laboratory part, six slabs were cast; they were designed to simulate old repaired concrete with relatively small and large area of repairs, and new construction. The results of in-situ program demonstrated that sacrificial anodes were working. Protection from corrosion in the columns that were treated by means of local SA was apparent relative to the control. The global SA effect was not equally apparent in such a short period. The results of SACP in new constructed slab showed positive effect in preventing steel from corrosion. Even though the average current density recorded in the slabs was appropriate for CP, the mean depolarsation potentials considerably short of the required level. It should be stated, however, that the intention was not to install sacrificial CP system but to study the performance of the sacrificial anodes in conditions where corrosion of steel reinforcement may be occurring nearby. This reflects the fact that electrochemical equilibration under polarizing conditions requires a considerable period of time to be established, particularly in the case of passive steel The use of SACP in patch repairs has been proved to give cathodic protection to concrete. An electrochemical cell was formed in which SA was anode and surrounding steel was cathode as was seen from the potential results. This was clearer in the 20-year-old column than in newly cast laboratory slabs. Throughout the tests to date, the anodes have been found to be an effective method for controlling the problems associated with incipient anode generation and the premature failure of areas surrounding repairs in concrete, which are suffering from chloride, related corrosion